Society Growth
Currently, the societal development
paradigm is in the Society 5.0 era. There are 5 stages or levels of society
from Society 1.0 to 5.0. The development of society 1.0 is a prehistoric era
where people's lives still depended on natural resources. People survive by
hunting and moving from place to place.
Then in society 2.0, people began to
understand agriculture and lived by farming.
In society 3.0, life develops to become
more complex while continuing the life of society 1.0 and 2.0 but coupled with
industrial progress. During this time, tools began to be created that made work
easier, but they were still simple.
Then, in society 4.0, the development of
society is increasingly rapid, marked by the use of more sophisticated
technology than before.
The next generation, which is a 5.0
generation or the beginning of the 21st century, is a time when people are very
aware of technology. From children to adults, everyone uses technology for
various aspects of life. This generation is also called the Super Smart Society
because at this time technological advances are also accompanied by
intelligence and improvements in human qualities such as in communication,
critical thinking, digital technology skills, etc.
The young generation is currently called
Gen Z, but don't be proud when we are called the Sandwich Generation or the
Strawberry Generation.
The Sandwich Generation actually refers to
the generation that has to bear the lives of 3 generations in their family,
namely themselves, their parents and their children. He himself is likened to
meat squeezed between two pieces of bread above and below him which are assumed
to be the generations above and below him.
Meanwhile, the Strawberry Generation means
a generation that is weak, sensitive, easily irritated and influenced. This
character is likened to a strawberry which is soft, easily crushed and not
strong under external pressure.
Gen Z was born around 1995-2010. The
general characteristic that describes this generation is that they are attached
to technology so that it becomes a part of their life. Then they were known as
never lost, multi-profiled, multi collaboration, multi personality and multi
locations.
Gen Z's parent generation partly falls into
the categories of Generation Y/Millennial Generation and Generation X.
Generation X was born from 1965-1980 and Generation Y/Millennials from
1981-1994.
Digital Evolution
In the past, in the
Web 1.0 era, when websites first appeared, there were only forum, chat, HTML
and email features. In the past, someone who could use email, for example, to
send messages to friends who were far away, was something wow and amazing. Because
at that time, sending messages was generally in person or written on paper, so
knowing the sophistication of technology by sending messages via email was
something special.
In those days, there
was the Friendster application. This site is similar to Facebook nowadays, but
the only features available are chatting or texting.
Then in the Web 2.0
era there were audiovisual communication features. People can now chat via
video. Previously there was also a Skype application. To use this application
at that time you needed a sophisticated laptop because it could only be
accessed on a laptop with the latest settings.
Currently we are using
Web 3.0 which has utilized big data features. An example of its use is when we
search for something on Google, the results will immediately appear because the
search engine has stored data related to what is being searched for. Then when
we open another application or site, what we were looking for can also appear
in the form of advertisements. This is because search engines have algorithm
features.
Currently, technology
is developing and education is also developing. The demands are also different
from today's times to those of the past. In the past, the demand to be able to
teach was enough. Currently, teachers are also required to be able to use
technology in teaching.
Nowadays, everyone is
required to be media literate. Media literacy takes the form of information
literacy and information communication technology literacy.
There are 7 basic
competencies that must be possessed in the 21st century. The first is Critical
Thinking and Doing, being able to analyze, research and solve problems. The
second is Creatvity which includes being able to provide ideas for the right
solution. Then Collaboration which takes the form of working together, building
community and making compromises. The fourth is Cross-cultural Understanding, meaning
have knowledge of different cultures. The fifth is Communication, which is being
able to communicate well using media. The sixth is meaningful computing, which
means not only being able to operate technology but also being able to use it
effectively or wisely. So that users are not lulled by the negative effects of
technology. The last one is Career and Learning Self-reliance, which means
being able to adapt to change and being a lifelong learner.
The meaning of Digital
Literacy is not only being able to use technology in general but also being
able to utilize technology correctly so that users do not end up being
exploited by technology.
There is a skill that
must be possessed in Digital Literacy, that is a Netiquette. Netiquette is
ethics in the cyber world. For example, when an online class is via Zoom, it is
correct etiquette for students to turn on the camera.
There are 8 skills in
Digital Literacy, they are Collaboration, Creativity, Communication and
Netiquette, Finding and Selecting Information, Digital Culture, Online Safety
Skills, Functional Skills, and Critical Thinking and Evaluation.
An example of the
Finding and Selecting Information skill is being able to differentiate between
hoaxes and facts. Someone who is used to using technology such as the internet
will know how to search for and identify whether information is fact or hoax.
Digital Culture is
culture on the internet that must be understood.
Online Safety Skill is
the ability to use gadgets such as setting privacy.
Functional skills are
utilizing digital tools usefully.
Now we as students and
technology users must ask ourselves whether we are digitally literate teachers
and students?
What have we improved
regarding digital literacy?
B.
Information Communication Technology in ELT
Information
Communication Technology in ELT is using technology such as computers, the
internet, etc. in English teaching activities.
There are many terms
in ICT in ELT
1. CALL, is Computer
Assisted Language Learning.
2. MALL, is Mobile
Assisted Language Learning
3. RALL, is Robot
Assisted Language Learning.
In Taiwan there are
robots that help in teaching activities. The robot acts as a teacher's assistant
in collecting and organizing assignments. (RALL)
4. TELL, meaning
Technology Enhanced Language Learning. This term is more general regarding how
to utilize technology in learning languages.
5. Blended learning, is
a combination of face to face and online learning. For example, now lectures
are sometimes held online and offline.
6. Flipped Learning, is
student autonomous online learning before face to face classroom meetings.
7. LMS, meaning
Learning Management System, Online classroom learning platform. Examples are
Google Classroom, E-learning, Quipper, etc.
8. TPACK is
Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. This ability is a must for
teachers. For example, English teachers are required to have a good TOEFL
score.
9. SAMR is
Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition. For example, a teacher
who is not yet very proficient in using technology enters the augmentation
level, which means he only replaces the learning media, which used to be
printed paper, now becomes a digital file. Another example if a teacher is at
the Redefinition level is when he has a personal website with complete learning
resources on the site.
ICT tools means using
the hardware. Examples include laptops, smartphones, LCD projectors, digital
cameras, etc.
Meanwhile, ICT
applications use software, such as the internet, websites, social media, LMS
programs, mobile applications, etc.
There are several ICT
activities in ELT, such as:
1. Teaching
presentation, for example a lecturer who gives a lecture using PPT.
2. Resourcing Teaching
Materials, meaning there are various learning material sources taken from
YouTube or websites, then the teacher only shares the link with students.
3. Assignments and
Projects, for example, previously assignments were printed so they could be
collected, whereas currently students just have to submit them online.
4. Classroom
Activities are lecture activities where previously students had to come to
class, now there is zoom and there is even a breakout room feature.
5. Assessment, namely
assessing students can now use various applications and in many ways.
In this day and age,
students must have an independent learning attitude to be successful. So you
don't wait for the teacher's direction or encouragement to learn something.
Technology in ELT is
important but pedagogy is much more important, because the use of technology
should not be a hassle for teachers and students but should make it easier.
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